
Field note 01 · Georgia state reptile
Gopher Tortoise
Scientific name: Gopherus polyphemus
A terrestrial tortoise whose long burrows turn dry uplands into shared shelter for an entire community.
Full species description
Current status
Federally threatened west of the Mobile and Tombigbee rivers; the eastern range is not federally listed, while state protections still apply. USFWS · checked 10 Aug 2026.
Where they live
Sandy uplands of the southeastern United States, from South Carolina through Florida and west into Louisiana.
Habitat
Open-canopy, fire-maintained longleaf-pine sandhills, scrub, and dry flatwoods with deep, well-drained soil.
Who they are
A long-lived, land-dwelling tortoise and ecosystem engineer whose burrows buffer heat, cold, drought, and fire.
How to recognize them
A domed brown-gray shell, sturdy elephant-like hind feet, and broad shovel-shaped forefeet built for digging.
Behavior & ecology
They graze on low vegetation and return to deep burrows that also shelter many other native animals.
Pressures
Habitat loss and fragmentation, fire suppression, roads, disease, and unauthorized collection or relocation.
Sources
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service species profile. No husbandry guidance is offered for this protected wild species.





